Journal: Pharmaceuticals

Article Title: Saroglitazar Mitigated Cyclophosphamide-Induced Testicular Injury: Crosstalk Between Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Apoptosis

doi: 10.3390/ph19020266

Figure Lengend Snippet: Impact of SAR2 and SAR4 on CYC-induced changes in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1). ( A ) Testicular PPAR-γ level, ( B ) Testicular Nrf2 level, ( C ) Testicular HO-1 level. CYC: cyclophosphamide, SAR: saroglitazar. Data are expressed as mean ± S.E. One-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey’s multiple comparison test was used for comparison of mean values. * p < 0.05, vs. control group, # p < 0.05 vs. CYC group, $ p < 0.05 vs. SAR 2 group.

Article Snippet: Testicular homogenate was used for determination of TNF-α (Elabscience, Wuhan, China, Cat. no. E0764Ra), IL-6 (Cloud-Clone Corp, Wuhan, China, Cat. no. SEA079Ra), Bcl2 (Elabscience, China, Cat. no. ER0762), Bax (Elabscience, China, Cat. no. ERO512), PPAR-γ (Elabscience, China, Cat. no. E-EL-R0724), Nrf2 (RayBiotech, Peachtree Corners, GA, USA, Cat. no. RD-NFE2L2-Ra) and HO-1 (CUSABIO, Wuhan, China, CSB-E08267r) via ELISA as instructed by the manufacturer.

Techniques: Comparison, Control

Journal: Neurotoxicity Research

Article Title: Antiproliferative Effect of Elastin-Derived Peptide VGVAPG on SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells

doi: 10.1007/s12640-019-00040-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: a The effect of 50 nM and 1 μM VGVAPG peptide on Ki67 and PPARγ mRNA expression in the SH-SY5Y cell line after 6 h. mRNA expression was normalized to Actb . The effect of 50 nM and 1 μM VGVAPG peptide on b Ki67 and c PPARγ protein expression in the SH-SY5Y cell line after 24 and 48 h. Protein expression was normalized to the total protein level. Data are expressed as mean ± SD of three independent experiments, each of which comprised six replicates per treatment group. * p < 0.05; *** p < 0.001 versus the vehicle control

Article Snippet: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ; E-EL-H1361), SOD1 (E-EL-H1113), and GPx (E-EL-H5410) ELISA assays as well as CAT (E-BC-K031), SOD (E-BC-K020), and GPx (E-BC-K096) activity assays were obtained from Elabscience Biotechnology (Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Expressing, Control

Journal: Molecules

Article Title: Chenodeoxycholic Acid Ameliorates AlCl 3 -Induced Alzheimer’s Disease Neurotoxicity and Cognitive Deterioration via Enhanced Insulin Signaling in Rats

doi: 10.3390/molecules24101992

Figure Lengend Snippet: CDCA improves ( A ) GLP-1 and ( B ) PPARγ in AD rat model. Data represents mean ± SD ( n = 6). Statistical analysis was carried out using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test. p < 0.05; as compared to (*) control and (#) AlCl 3 group. AlCl 3 : aluminum chloride; CDCA: chenodeoxycholic acid; GLP-1: glucagon-like peptide-1; PPARγ: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma.

Article Snippet: Sources for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits are mentioned in brackets; Aβ 42 (MyBioSource Inc.; CAT#: MBS726579), tissue insulin level (MyBioSource Inc.; CAT#: MBS724709), BDNF (RayBiotech, Peachtree Corners, GA, USA; CAT#: ELR-BDNF), GLP-1 (RayBiotech; CAT#: EIAR-GLP1) and PPARγ (CUSABIO, Houston, TX, USA; CAT#: CSB-E08624r).

Techniques: Control

Journal: Molecules

Article Title: Chenodeoxycholic Acid Ameliorates AlCl 3 -Induced Alzheimer’s Disease Neurotoxicity and Cognitive Deterioration via Enhanced Insulin Signaling in Rats

doi: 10.3390/molecules24101992

Figure Lengend Snippet: CDCA-mediated effects in ameliorating insulin resistance and AD pathologies. The vital role of CDCA in enhancing insulin signaling is mainly attributed to its ability to lower IRS1 serine phosphorylation, promote Akt activation and reduce Aβ production. CDCA also elevates hippocampal contents of GLP-1 and PPARγ that both take a part in insulin signaling. Moreover, CDCA enhances the activation of CREB to promote BDNF and neuronal survival. Akt: protein kinase B; Aβ 42 : amyloid-beta 42; BACE1: beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1; BDNF: brain-derived neurotrophic factor; CDCA: chenodeoxycholic acid; CREB: cAMP response element-binding protein; ERK: extracellular signal–regulated kinase; FXR: farnesoid X receptor ; GLP-1: glucagon-like peptide 1; GLUT4: glucose transporter type 4; IRS1: insulin receptor substrate 1; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; PI3K: phosphoinositide 3-kinase; PPARγ: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma; TrkB: tropomyosin receptor kinase B.

Article Snippet: Sources for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits are mentioned in brackets; Aβ 42 (MyBioSource Inc.; CAT#: MBS726579), tissue insulin level (MyBioSource Inc.; CAT#: MBS724709), BDNF (RayBiotech, Peachtree Corners, GA, USA; CAT#: ELR-BDNF), GLP-1 (RayBiotech; CAT#: EIAR-GLP1) and PPARγ (CUSABIO, Houston, TX, USA; CAT#: CSB-E08624r).

Techniques: Phospho-proteomics, Activation Assay, Derivative Assay, Binding Assay